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enamelling techniques |
The "Champlevé" --- • It's the oldest technique. Cavities are dug in the metal with gravers. The wet enamel powder is laid into them and undergoes short firings. • Thus, the colours are surrounded by the metal spared by the tool, hence the term "taille d'épargne" (blackline enamelling) which also applies to this technique. • Sandpaper is used to eliminate the surplus enamel and to polish the metal. • A variant of this technique called "pseudo-champlevé" consists in fixing a pierced enamel plate on a second plate and then the cavities are fitted in the traditionnal "champlevé" method.
The "cloisonné" (partitionned) • Fine metal strips (gold, silver or copper) are soldered on a copper plate, creating a network of pertitions which constitute the lines of the pattern. • The interstices are filled with powder as in the "champlevé" technique.
Painted enamel --- • The support (plaques, objects, jewels, etc.) is covered by flux which is submitted to several firing to receive the decoration. • This latter is obtained throught the superposition of numerous colored enamel layers. • The pattern is drawn with metallic oxydes. The translucid enamel is then applied in succession of layers. Many firings are necessary. L'Émail de Basse-Taille (low-cut enamels) --- The copper plate is finely wrought or "guilloché" by engraving, hammering or chiselling. • It is then covered with opalescent translucent enamels for mysterious shimmering transparency effects.
L'Émaux de Plique (pierced enamels) --- The copper plate is pierced and the holes are filled with enamel. • The effect is similar to that of stained glass windows. The enamel being visible on both sides.
There several techniques:
- "la grisaille": which led to painted enamel. It uses "blanc de Limoges", - "le paillon" : addition of thin gold or silver leaves which gives a particular brightness to the colors.
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